Abbreviation for activities of daily living, which refers to activities of daily living or movements of daily living. The Japanese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine defines it as "a series of basic physical movements that an individual performs to live independently, and which are repeated every day by all individuals." In practice, it is a measure of how much an individual can independently perform the movements required for daily life. In medical and nursing care settings, it is used as an indicator of a patient's treatment and rehabilitation, and to assess the effectiveness of treatment. ADLs include eating, walking, using the toilet, bathing and other ways to keep the body clean (hygienic activities), changing clothes and grooming (grooming activities), etc. These activities are called "basic activities of daily living (BADL)," while activities that require more complex movements, such as preparing meals, cleaning the room, shopping, managing money, and traveling by public transport, are called "instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)." Commonly used scales for evaluating ADL include the Barthel index (BI) and the functional independence measure (FIM), which adds evaluation elements such as communication ability and cognitive function to basic ADL items, as well as the Katz index (KI). [Editorial Department, September 19, 2017] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
activities of daily livingの略称で、日常生活活動、日常生活動作のこと。日本リハビリテーション医学会の定義では、「一人の人間が独立して生活するために行う基本的な、しかも各人ともに共通に毎日繰り返される一連の身体動作群」とされる。実際には日常生活で必要とする動作をどれだけ自力でできるかを判定するための尺度となる。医療や介護の現場では、患者の治療やリハビリテーションの指標として、また治療効果の判定などに活用されている。 ADLには、食事をする、歩行をする、トイレで排泄(はいせつ)する、入浴などで身体を清潔に保つ(清潔動作)、着替えほか身なりを整える(整容動作)などがある。これらの動作を「基本的ADL(BADL:basic activities of daily living)」とし、より複雑な動作を必要とする食事の用意や、部屋の掃除、買い物、金銭の管理、交通機関を利用した移動や旅行などは「手段的ADL(IADL:instrumental activities of daily living)」とよんで区別する。 ADL評価のための尺度としては、バーセルインデックス(BI:Barthel index)や、基本的なADL項目にコミュニケーション能力や認知機能などの評価要素を加えた機能的自立度評価表(FIM:functional independence measure)がよく使われるほか、カッツインデックス(KI:Katz index)などがある。 [編集部 2017年9月19日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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