Conflict of interest

Japanese: 利益相反行為 - りえきそうはんこうい

Acts where the interests of the parties are in conflict. The Civil Code prohibits one party from representing the other (self-contract) or one party from representing both parties (dual representation) in order to protect the interests of each party (Article 108). Furthermore, the Civil Code and its special laws stipulate that in cases where an act of conflict between a person with a certain power of representation and the person being represented is performed, a new special representative must be appointed for the person being represented. For example, this applies to cases between a parent and a child (Article 826, paragraph 1), a guardian and a ward (Article 860), and a director and a corporation (General Corporation Law, paragraph 84). In cases between children under the same parental authority, a special representative must be appointed for one of the children (Article 826, paragraph 2), and in cases of a curator and a ward (→ curatorship), a temporary curator must be appointed (Article 876-2, paragraph 3). Similar provisions exist in the Companies Act, including those relating to self-dealing by directors (Article 356), representation of the company in actions between a company and its directors (Article 353), and self-contracting by members (Article 595).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

当事者の間で利益が相反する行為。民法はそれぞれの利益を守るために，一方が他方を代理したり（自己契約），一人が双方を代理すること（双方代理）を禁止しているが（108条），さらに民法およびその特別法は，一定の代理権をもつ者と代理される者との間で利益が相反する行為を行なう場合について，代理される者のために新たに特別代理人を選任しなければならない旨を定めている。たとえば，親権者と子（826条1項），後見人と被後見人（860条），理事と法人（一般法人法84）の場合がこれにあたる。また，同じ親権に服する子相互間の場合には，一方の子のために特別代理人を選任しなければならず（826条2項），保佐人と被保佐人（→保佐）の場合にも臨時保佐人を選任しなければならない（876条の2第3項）。同様の趣旨の規定は会社法にもあり，取締役による自己取引（356条），株式会社と取締役との間の訴えにおける会社の代表（353条），社員の自己契約（595条）に関するものがあげられる。

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