Langobardi; Langobarden; Lombards

Japanese: ランゴバルド族 - ランゴバルドぞく（英語表記）Langobardi; Langobarden; Lombards

Also known as the Lombards. A Germanic tribe. They lived on the left bank of the Lower Elbe, and moved south from the 4th century, and by the end of the 5th century had migrated to the area north of the Danube. They defeated the Heruls (c. 508), and converted to Arian Christianity. In 546, they established a new dynasty under Audoin. During the reign of King Alboin, they defeated the Gepids (c. 567), and in 568, led by Alboin, they entered the Lombard region of northern Italy, establishing the Kingdom of Lombardy (Kingdom of Lombardy), and ruled over central and southern Italy. In 584, in preparation for the threat of the Franks, they strengthened royal authority over the various princes under the Autari kings, and Pavia became the administrative center. In 643, the first codified tribal law, the Code of the Kings of Rotari, was published. It reached its zenith under King Liutprand in the first half of the 8th century, when it annexed Ravenna, which was part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. It threatened Rome under Kings Aistulf and Desiderius, and was defeated by the Frankish king Pepin the Younger and Charles the Great, respectively, before being annexed in 774. It briefly gained independence in the 9th century, but was defeated by Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. The Duchy of Benevento in southern Italy, which inherited the traditions of the Lombards, was also defeated by the Normans at the end of the 11th century.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロンバルド族とも呼ばれる。ゲルマン民族の一部族。下エルベ川左岸に居住し，4世紀頃から南下，5世紀末にはドナウ川以北の地域へ移動。ヘルリ人を破り (508頃) ，この頃アリウス派のキリスト教徒に改宗。 546年アウドインのもとに新王朝を樹立。アルボイン王のとき，ゲピード族を撃滅 (567頃) し，568年にアルボインに率いられて北イタリアのロンバルディア地方に入り，ランゴバルド王国 (ロンバルディア王国) を建設，イタリア半島の中・南部を支配した。 584年フランク民族の脅威にそなえ，アウターリ王のもとに諸侯に対する王権を強化し，パビアが行政の中心地となった。 643年には部族法を初めて成文化した『ロタリ王法典』が発布された。8世紀前半のリウトプランド王のときに全盛期を迎え，東ローマ (ビザンチン) 帝国領ラベンナを併合。アイストゥルフ王とデシデリウス王のとき，ローマを脅かしたため，前者はフランク王ピピン (小ピピン) に後者はカルル1世 (大帝) に敗れ，774年に併合された。9世紀に一時独立したが神聖ローマ帝国のオットー1世 (大帝) に敗北。ランゴバルド族の伝統を受継いだ南イタリアのベネベント公国も，11世紀末にノルマン人の侵入に敗れた。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Lombard law - Lombard law

>>: Kingdom of Lombard