Ratzel - Friedrich Ratzel

Japanese: ラッツェル - らっつぇる(英語表記)Friedrich Ratzel
Ratzel - Friedrich Ratzel

German geographer. Born in Karlsruhe from 1866 to 1868, he studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Jena, and Berlin, after which he served in southern Europe and the United States as a newspaper correspondent and in the Franco-Prussian War. In 1872 he returned to the University of Munich to study geography, and in 1886 he became professor of geography at the University of Leipzig. During this time he published works such as Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1878-80), Anthropogeographie (I, 1882, II, 1891), and Politische Geographie (1897). Human geography, founded by Ritter, was further developed by Ratzel, who used many examples to discuss the relationship between human society and the nation and the geographical environment. In contrast to Ritter's teleological stance, Ratzel was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution, which was popular at the time, and considered the influence of the natural environment on human society from a biological standpoint, systematizing human geography. He was also interested in ethnology, and wrote the large-scale Völkerkunde (1885-88).

[Takeo Oda]

"Friedrich Ratzel by Hisaya Kunimatsu (1931, Kokin Shoin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの地理学者。1866~68年カールスルーエに生まれ、ハイデルベルクイエナ、ベルリンの各大学に学んだのち、新聞社の通信員としてヨーロッパ南部、アメリカなどにも赴き、普仏戦争にも従軍した。72年ミュンヘン大学でふたたび地理学を修め、86年にはライプツィヒ大学の地理学教授に就任した。その間、『アメリカ合衆国』Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika(1878~80)、『人類地理学』Anthropogeographie(I・1882、Ⅱ・1891)、『政治地理学』Politische Geographie(1897)などを刊行した。リッターによって創始された人文地理学はラッツェルによってさらに発展され、人類社会や国家と地理的環境との関係を多くの例証をもって論じた。リッターの目的論的な立場に対して、ラッツェルは当時流行のダーウィンの進化論の影響を受け、人類社会に及ぼす自然環境の影響を生物学的な立場から考察して、人文地理学を体系づけた。また、民族学にも関心を有し、大冊の『民族学』Völkerkunde(1885~88)も著した。

[織田武雄]

『国松久弥著『フリードリッヒ・ラッツェル』(1931・古今書院)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  trumpet

>>:  Lutyens

Recommend

Genetic algorithm - genetic algorithm

A mechanism used in evolutionary computation, ins...

Struthiopteris castanea (English spelling)

…[Masahiro Kato]. . . *Some of the terminology th...

Custom Smelter

...In the case of copper, the cost of developing ...

Ofuku (person's name) - Ofuku

...She was the wet nurse of Tokugawa Iemitsu. She...

Nanigo (English spelling)

...The rituals have become more mystical and anti...

Theologie der Krisis (English spelling) TheologiederKrisis

…After World War I, a theological movement arose ...

Mercurochrome - Mercurochrome (English spelling)

A bactericidal disinfectant, an organic mercury c...

Kondoúros, N. (English spelling) KondourosN

…Costa-Gavras, a Greek director who grew up in Fr...

Tanba stone

The name of a pyroxene andesite stone found in Ima...

Easton - David Easton

American political scientist. Born in Canada. Gra...

Ochna multiflora (English spelling)

… [Mitsuru Hotta]... *Some of the terminology tha...

Avercamp, B. (English spelling) AvercampB

…Dutch landscape painter. Born in Amsterdam, he s...

Descending scale - Kako Onkai

...In Western Asia, there is also a theory that i...

Mahmud - Mamūd (English spelling)

Afghanistan's Ghaznavid ruler (reigned 998-10...

Laniidae

…A general term for birds of the passerine order,...