International Date Line - the date line

Japanese: 日付変更線 - ひづけへんこうせん(英語表記)the date line
International Date Line - the date line

A date boundary line located almost in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Local mean solar time is unique to each point on Earth, and points further east are advanced at a rate of one hour for every 15 degrees of longitude. If you only consider this time difference and do not consider the date, a contradiction will occur. For example, at the moment when Japan Standard Time (mean solar time at 135 degrees east longitude) is midnight on January 1, at 150 degrees east longitude it is 1:00 on the 1st, and at 165 degrees east longitude it is 2:00 on the 1st. If you follow this sequence in a circular direction, Greenwich is 15:00 on the 1st, and further on to 120 degrees east longitude it is 23:00 on the 1st, so Japan is 0:00 on the 2nd. To solve this, you can set a date boundary line somewhere on Earth, and when you cross it to the east, you delay it by one day, and when you go west, you advance it by one day. This is the International Date Line, which is set along the 180 degrees longitude line, avoiding islands and land.

[Toshio Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太平洋のほぼ中央にある日付の境界線。地方平均太陽時は地球上のそれぞれの地点に固有のもので、経度15度につき1時間の割合で東のほうの地点が進んでいる。この時刻差だけを考え、日付を考慮しないと矛盾が生じる。たとえば、日本標準時(東経135度の平均太陽時)が1月1日0時の瞬間、東経150度では1日1時、東経165度では1日2時、順にどこまでも東回りにたどると、グリニジは1日15時、さらに進んで東経120度は1日23時、したがって日本は2日0時となってしまう。これを解消するためには、地球上のどこかに日付の境界線を設け、それを東に横切るときは1日遅らせ、西に向かったときは1日進めればよい。これが日付変更線で、経度180度の経度線に沿って、島や陸地を避けて設けられている。

[渡辺敏夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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