Puzzle Ring - Chienowa

Japanese: 知恵の輪 - ちえのわ
Puzzle Ring - Chienowa

A toy (gangu) in which rings of various shapes are pulled out and then inserted again. It is said to have originated as the nine-ring ring (kyurenkan) brought to Japan by Chinese people who drifted ashore during the Edo period. It is made of nine metal rings that are assembled or played with by pulling them out. It was originally made of jewels, but later changed to copper or iron and became a common toy for women and children. In 1820 (Bunsei 3), a song on the theme of the nine-ring ring became popular among Chinese people in Nagasaki, and the Kankan Dance was performed in Osaka. There is also an episode from the Meiwa period (1764-1772) when Hiraga Gennai surprised people by easily solving a puzzle given to him by the head of the Dutch trading post when he visited Edo. Around the Tenpo period (1830-1844), the thread of wisdom became popular. Two loops of string are attached to a horizontal bar, and a doll attached to each loop is threaded onto one of the strings. In the Meiji period, this principle was applied to create a game called "gymnastics doll puller," in which a doll doing gymnastics on the horizontal bar is pulled off the bar. From the Taisho period onwards, metal ones under the name "puzzle rings" began to appear on the market. They are still popular today as a type of "brain teaser." There is also a fraudulent business known as "puzzle ring maker," which uses fragile glass objects as a hook to lure customers on the street.

[Ryosuke Saito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

いろいろの形の輪を抜いたり、また入れたりして遊ぶ玩具(がんぐ)。江戸時代、日本に漂着した中国人によって伝えられた九連環(きゅうれんかん)が始まりという。これは金属製の九つの輪を組み合わせたもので、これを組み立て、または抜き差しして遊んだ。最初は玉(ぎょく)でつくられたが、銅か鉄製となり、婦人、子供の玩具として一般化した。なお1820年(文政3)長崎の清(しん)国人により、この九連環を主題にした歌が流行し、「看々(かんかん)踊」として大坂で興行された。また明和(めいわ)年間(1764~72)には、江戸に参府したオランダ商館長が出した知恵の輪を、平賀源内が難なく解いて驚かしたエピソードもある。天保(てんぽう)(1830~44)のころには智恵(ちえ)の糸が流行した。横棒に二つの糸の輪をつくり、それぞれの輪についている人形を片方の糸に通わすものである。明治時代には、この原理を応用して、鉄棒体操している人形を鉄棒から抜き出す体操人形抜きなどが登場した。大正のころから「知恵の輪」の名で金属製のものが出回るようになった。現在も「頭の体操」的な玩具として人気がある。なかにはガラス製の破損しやすいものをたねに、大道で客をつる「ちえの輪屋」といういかさま商売もみかける。

[斎藤良輔]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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