Issues surrounding Jerusalem, which has symbolic significance as a holy place for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In the late 19th century, Jerusalem, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire, was under the control of Eastern Orthodox Christians. France sought to give Catholics the upper hand under the pretext of the Capitulation, and Russia, in response, interfered under the pretext of protecting Eastern Orthodox Christians, which led to the Crimean War. This occurred against the backdrop of the increasing interference of the great powers in the Ottoman Empire at the time (the Eastern Question), and is also known as the issue of the right to custody of the holy places. In the 20th century, Jewish immigration increased, and conflicts with Arab residents occurred, such as the Western Wall incident in 1928. The United Nations Partition Resolution of Palestine in 1947 decided to place Jerusalem under international control, but as a result of the First Arab-Israeli War the following year, it was divided between Israel (West) and Jordan (East, including the center of the holy places). In the Six-Day War in 1967, East Jerusalem was further annexed by Israel. Thus, the status of East Jerusalem remains the most important and difficult issue on the Palestinian agenda. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ユダヤ教,キリスト教,イスラムの聖地として象徴的意味をもつエルサレムをめぐる問題。19世紀後半,当時オスマン帝国領だったエルサレムは,東方正教徒の管理下にあった。フランスはカピチュレーションをたてにカトリック教徒の優位を図り,これに対してロシアが東方正教徒の保護を名目に干渉したためクリミア戦争に発展した。これは当時オスマン朝への列強の干渉が進む状況(東方問題)を背景として起き,聖地管理権問題ともいわれる。20世紀になるとユダヤ教徒の移住が進み,1928年の〈嘆きの壁〉事件のようにアラブ住民との衝突が起こった。1947年の国連パレスティナ分割決議はエルサレムを国際管理下におくと決めたが,翌年の第1次中東戦争の結果,イスラエル(西)とヨルダン(東。聖地の中心を含む)に分割された。1967年の第3次中東戦争ではさらに東エルサレムもイスラエルに併合された。こうして東エルサレムの地位はパレスティナ問題の最も重要かつ困難な議題として残されている。
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