Neurotransmitters - Neurotransmitters

Japanese: 神経伝達物質 - しんけいでんたつぶっしつ(英語表記)neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters - Neurotransmitters
A low molecular weight chemical substance that is produced in neurons and released at synapses to induce an excitatory or inhibitory response in target cells. Amines such as acetylcholine, adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin have long been known. Amino acids such as glutamic acid, glycine, and γ-aminobutyric acid are also major neurotransmitters, and of these, γ-aminobutyric acid acts as an inhibitory transmitter, and its relationship with pathological conditions has been attracting attention, as its concentration in the brain decreases and induces convulsions. In addition, lower molecular weight neuropeptides such as substance P and enkephalin have attracted attention as neurotransmitters, and more than 50 types have already been reported.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ニューロンで生産され,シナプスで放出されて,標的細胞に興奮または抑制の応答反応を起させる低分子の化学物質。アセチルコリン,アドレナリン,ドーパミン,セロトニンなどのアミン類が古くから知られている。グルタミン酸,グリシン,γ-アミノ酪酸などのアミノ酸類も主要な神経伝達物質で,このうちγ-アミノ酪酸は抑制性伝達物質として働き,この脳内濃度が低下するとけいれんを誘発するなど,病態との関係が注目されている。また,サブスタンスP,エンケファリンなど,より低分子の神経ペプチドが神経伝達物質として注目を集めており,すでに 50種類以上が報告されている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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