When considering how the solution x ( t ) is affected when f or c is changed very slightly in the initial value problem for a differential equation dx / dt = f ( t , x ), x ( a ) = c , for example, a very small change in the initial value c may have a large effect on the global variation of x ( t ), or it may only have an effect commensurate with the small change in c . This latter property is called stability. Several mathematical formulations have been developed, and it has become an important topic in recent times. In general, when a calculation contains a mechanism that multiplies small errors, instability becomes a major issue, in which a small error that would normally be ignored can completely change the result. In recent years, examples of nonlinear problems (→ linear differential equations) in which this type of property is essentially at work have become known. Stability |
微分方程式の初期値問題 dx/dt=f(t,x) ,x(a)=c において,f または c をほんの少し変えたとき,その解 x(t) がどのような影響を受けるかを考えるとき,たとえば初期値 c のほんの少しの変動が,x(t) の大域的変動に大きな影響を及ぼす場合と,c の変動の小ささに見合った影響しか受けない場合とがある。この後者の性質を安定性という。数学的にいくつかの定式化がなされ,最近の重要な課題となっている。 さらに一般に計算において,わずかの誤差を増殖させる機構が含まれていると,通常は無視してよいわずかな誤差が結果をまったく変えてしまう不安定性が大きな課題となる。近年,この種の性質が本質的に働いている非線形問題 (→線形微分方程式 ) の実例が知られてきている。 安定性
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