When a person has a certain relationship with another person, the obligation is not to engage in any act that would be competitive in business or in the interests of the other person, either for himself or for a third party. In the Commercial Code and the Companies Act, this type of obligation is stipulated for business transferors (Article 16 of the Commercial Code, Article 21 of the Companies Act), managers (Article 23 of the Commercial Code, Article 12 of the Companies Act), agents (Article 28 of the Commercial Code, Article 17 of the Companies Act), executive members of equity companies (Article 594 of the Companies Act), and directors and executive officers of joint-stock companies (Articles 356, 365, and Article 419, paragraph 2 of the Companies Act). In the case of a business transfer or business transfer, the transferred business or business includes factual relationships with financial value, such as existing customers, suppliers, the date of establishment, and business or business secrets, so it is interpreted as a natural obligation of the business transferor not to compete with the other person. In addition, this obligation is recognized for managers, agents, executive members, directors, etc., in order to prevent them from taking advantage of knowledge or clients acquired in relation to the business of the business owner or company to gain profits for themselves or third parties at the expense of the business owner or company. Generally, acts that belong to the category of business or business in question or similar business or business activities are restricted, but in the case of managers, they are also restricted from dispersing their energies by running their own business or becoming an employee of another business or company because they are subordinate to the business owner or company. In the event of a breach of the non-competition obligation, the violator is liable for damages. [Shuzo Toda and Norihiko Fukuhara] "Hiroshi Tonoi, "Guide to resolving disputes regarding non-competition obligations" (2006, Shinnihonhoki Publishing)" [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある者が他の者と一定の関係がある場合に、その者が自己または第三者のために、他の者と営業上または事業上で競争的な性質をもつことになる行為をしてはならないという義務。商法や会社法では、営業譲渡人・事業譲渡人(商法16条、会社法21条)のほか、支配人(商法23条、会社法12条)、代理商(商法28条、会社法17条)、持分(もちぶん)会社の業務執行社員(会社法594条)、株式会社の取締役・執行役(会社法356条、365条、419条2項)が、この種の義務を負うことが定められている。営業譲渡・事業譲渡の場合には、譲渡した営業・事業には従来の得意先、仕入先、創業の年代、営業・事業上の秘訣(ひけつ)など、財産的価値ある事実関係を含むので、競業しないことが営業譲渡人・事業譲渡人の当然の義務と解されている。また、支配人、代理商、業務執行社員、取締役等については、営業主である商人の営業、会社の事業に関して得た知識や得意先等を利用し、商人・会社等の犠牲において、自己または第三者の利益を図るのを防止するために、この義務が認められている。一般的には、当該営業・事業の部類に属する行為あるいは同種の営業・事業行為が制限されるが、支配人の場合には、商人・会社に対する従属関係にあることを理由として、自ら営業・事業をしたり他の商人・会社の使用人になるなど、精力が分散することも制限される。競業避止義務違反の場合、違反者は損害賠償責任を負う。 [戸田修三・福原紀彦] 『外井浩志著『競業避止義務をめぐるトラブル解決の手引』(2006・新日本法規出版)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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