In volcanology, tuff is a pyroclastic rock whose constituent particles are mostly volcanic ash with a diameter of 4 mm or less. Tuff is a rock made of volcanic lapilli with a diameter of 2 to 32 mm, pumice tuff is a rock made of pumice with a diameter of 2 mm or more, and scree tuff is a rock made of scree with a diameter of 2 mm or more, but these are sometimes collectively called tuff. Tuff in sedimentary rocks in non-volcanic regions is often fine-grained because it is transported from far away. When tuff is mainly made of small pieces of volcanic glass, it is called glassy tuff, when it is mainly made of crystals, it is called crystalline tuff, and when it is made of rock fragments from a volcanic body that already existed, it is called lithic tuff. It comes in a variety of colors, from pale green, green, white, pink, red, brown, and black, and its shape varies from dense to porous. Since tuff originates from volcanic ash, many of them have good horizontal continuity, and white acidic tuff in particular is often used as a key layer in geological structure surveys to compare strata. [Toshihiko Yajima] Welded tuffDuring a volcanic eruption, when a large amount of high-temperature volcanic ash, pumice, and slag piles up in a pyroclastic flow-like manner, the high heat and pressure of its own weight cause welding, forming dense, flat rock masses. The rock type is often dacite or rhyolite. The welded tuff formed in this way is distributed on a fairly large scale, and the development of nearly vertical cliffs and columnar joints creates a magnificent landscape. In Japan, it is distributed around Lake Towada (Aomori and Akita prefectures), Sounkyo in the Daisetsu Mountains (Hokkaido), and Aso (Kumamoto prefecture). [Toshihiko Yajima] Green ToughPale green tuff is characteristically found in the Neogene strata of Japan, and is called green tuff. This is tuff formed by deposition from undersea volcanic activity, and has taken on a green hue due to hydrothermal alteration. It is distributed from southwestern Hokkaido to the Sea of Japan side of Honshu and the Fossa Magna region, and this region is sometimes called the green tuff region. One of its characteristics is that it is sometimes accompanied by black ore deposits. [Toshihiko Yajima] A type of green tuff. Produced in Otani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture. ©Shogakukan "> Oya Stone HK tuff. Produced in Kyonan Town, Awa District, Chiba Prefecture ©Shogakukan "> Tuff Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
火山学では、構成粒子の大部分が直径4ミリメートル以下の火山灰よりなる火山砕屑(さいせつ)岩を凝灰岩とよび、直径2ミリメートル以上32ミリメートル以下の火山礫(れき)よりなるものを火山礫凝灰岩、構成粒子が2ミリメートル以上の軽石であれば軽石凝灰岩、2ミリメートル以上の岩滓(がんさい)であれば岩滓凝灰岩として用いているが、これらを総称して凝灰岩として用いることもある。非火山性地域の堆積(たいせき)岩中の凝灰岩は、遠方から運ばれるため細粒であることが多い。凝灰岩が主として火山ガラスの細片よりなるときはガラス質凝灰岩、主として結晶よりなるときは結晶凝灰岩、すでに存在していた火山体の岩片よりなるときは石質凝灰岩とよぶ。色は淡緑色、緑色、白色、淡紅色、赤色、褐色、黒色とさまざまで、形状も緻密(ちみつ)なものから、すきまが多いものまでいろいろある。凝灰岩は火山灰に由来するので、水平方向の連続性のよいものが多く、とくに白色の酸性凝灰岩は地質構造調査の鍵層(かぎそう)として、地層の対比に利用されることが多い。 [矢島敏彦] 溶結凝灰岩火山噴火の際、火砕流のような形で高温の火山灰、軽石、岩滓などが大量に厚く堆積すると、高熱と自重による圧力のため溶結作用がおこって緻密、扁平な岩塊をつくる。岩質としては石英安山岩質ないし流紋岩質であることが多い。このようにしてできた溶結凝灰岩はかなり大規模に分布し、垂直に近い崖(がけ)や柱状節理の発達のためみごとな景観を示す。日本では十和田湖(青森・秋田県)周辺、大雪山の層雲峡(北海道)、阿蘇(あそ)(熊本県)などに分布する。 [矢島敏彦] グリーンタフ日本の新第三系の地層の中には淡緑色の凝灰岩が特徴的に発達していて、グリーンタフとよばれている。これは、海底火山活動で堆積してできた凝灰岩類が熱水変質によって緑色を帯びたものである。北海道南西部から本州の日本海側、フォッサマグナ地域にかけて分布しており、この地域をグリーンタフ地域とよぶことがある。黒鉱鉱床を伴うことがあるのが特徴の一つである。 [矢島敏彦] 緑色凝灰岩(グリーンタフ)の一種。栃木県宇都宮市大谷産©Shogakukan"> 大谷石 H.K.凝灰岩。千葉県安房郡鋸南町産©Shogakukan"> 凝灰岩 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Church Union - Kyokaigoudou
>>: Tuff breccia (tuff breccia)
The prize is awarded annually by four institutions...
A marine fish of the Scombridae family of the Perc...
...It has no leaves, a jointed stem, and is flat ...
A phenomenon in which dark mutated individuals of...
…[Tetsuichi Yahara]. … *Some of the terminology t...
…Italian Baroque painter, draughtsman and copperp...
⇒ Acha no Tsubone Source: Kodansha Digital Japanes...
Fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and other marine an...
…He was born in Patavium (now Padua) in northern ...
...Thin polyethylene with a low degree of polymer...
A female singer-songwriter. She is a quarter Japan...
A mouse artificially created by fusing early devel...
This refers to a sample with a thickness of 1 nm ...
... At that time, Anuttarayoga Tantra was popular...
...The larvae of the family Tsutsugamushi parasit...