Educational Counseling - Educational Counseling

Japanese: 教育相談 - きょういくそうだん
Educational Counseling - Educational Counseling

Advising the child or student on the best way to deal with the educational problems of each student or their parents. The method should not be limited to one-on-one counseling, but should involve all teachers taking advantage of every opportunity they have to interact with students and making use of this in the practice of all educational activities (commentary on the junior high school curriculum guidelines). Specifically, it aims to foster favorable human relationships, help students adapt well to life, deepen self-understanding, and assist in the growth of their personalities in line with the development of each child or student. Therefore, it is not something that is only carried out by a specific teacher, nor is it something that is only carried out in a counseling room.

[Miyoko Ozawa]

In-school educational counseling organization and activities

In order to provide educational counseling within a school, it is important to first create an organization. There are various types of organizations: (1) an independent educational counseling department, (2) one incorporated as an educational counseling section within the student guidance department, career guidance department, or health department, and (3) one formed as a committee with representatives from each grade or department. However, an organization cannot function simply by being created. It is necessary to have an overall plan, an annual plan, and an implementation plan based on these. When doing so, it is important to take into account the actual situation of the school.

In educational counseling activities at schools, not only is it necessary to deal with specific cases, but it is also necessary to provide training to improve the qualifications of all teaching staff. Training within schools that is primarily conducted by teachers in charge of educational counseling includes (1) lectures, (2) case study meetings, and (3) training that incorporates practical exercises (group encounters, social skills training, stress management education, etc.). At the end of the school year, it is necessary to evaluate whether the educational counseling activities conducted by teachers were appropriate according to the plan, which will lead to more substantial practice.

[Miyoko Ozawa]

Educational Counseling

The fields of educational counseling are divided into (1) problem-solving/therapeutic educational counseling, (2) preventive educational counseling, and (3) developmental/promotional educational counseling.

(1) is intended to resolve situations where students are unable to adapt to real life, such as bullying, absenteeism, and delinquency, and in some cases to provide therapeutic responses such as counseling. This field is mainly handled by school counselors, educational counseling agencies, and medical institutions. (2) is intended for students who are not seriously maladjusted, but are in an unstable situation, such as being late or absent from school, or feeling unwell. It is desirable for homeroom teachers and school nurses to take the lead in early detection and early response at this stage. (3) is intended to support and further improve the mental growth of many students who attend school happily and have no sense of maladjustment, in order to acquire social skills, emotional richness, learning abilities, and thinking abilities. The aim is to promote healthy growth by promoting understanding of students through lessons and special activities, creating a good atmosphere in the classroom, and filling students' mental energy.

Cooperation is necessary for educational counseling efforts. Within the school, it is important to create a system where teachers are not burdened with problems alone, and outside of school, it is important to cooperate with parents, the local community, and related organizations. Daily cooperation between schools and many other organizations, such as social welfare organizations such as child consultation centers, medical institutions such as hospitals and health centers, and judicial organizations such as the police and youth centers, is essential to improving educational counseling.

[Miyoko Ozawa]

"Concepts and methods of educational counseling in schools -- junior and senior high school edition" edited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (1990, National Printing Bureau)" ▽ "School educational counseling -- an attempt at theorizing" by Ohno Seiichi ( 1997, Honnomori Publishing)" ▽ "School educational counseling -- an attempt at concrete implementation" by Ohno Seiichi (1997, Honnomori Publishing)""School educational counseling handbook" edited by the Japan School Education Counseling Association Publications Editorial Committee (2006, Honnomori Publishing)"

[References] | Encounter Groups | Counselor | Counseling | School Health | School Counselor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

児童・生徒ひとりひとりの教育上の問題について、その望ましいあり方を、本人または親などに助言すること。方法としては、一対一の相談活動に限定することなく、すべての教師が生徒に接するあらゆる機会をとらえ、あらゆる教育的活動の実践のなかに生かして、教育的配慮をすることが大切であるとされている(中学校学習指導要領解説)。具体的には、児童・生徒それぞれの発達に即して、好ましい人間関係を育て、生活によく適応させ、自己理解を深めさせ、人格の成長への援助を図るものである。したがって、特定の教員だけが行う性質のものではなく、また相談室だけで行われるものでもない。

[小澤美代子]

学校内の教育相談組織と活動

教育相談を学校のなかで行うには、まず組織づくりが大切である。組織には、(1)教育相談部として独立したもの、(2)生徒指導部や進路指導部、保健部などのなかに教育相談係として組み込まれるもの、(3)学年や部などから代表者が出て委員会として構成されるものなどがある。しかし組織ができただけでは動くことができない。全体計画、年間計画、それを受けた実施計画が必要である。その際、自校の実情を踏まえることが大切となる。

 学校における教育相談活動のなかでは、事例に対する具体的な対処だけでなく、すべての教職員の資質向上のための研修も必要である。校内において教育相談担当教員を中心として行う研修には、(1)講演会、(2)事例研究会、(3)演習を取り入れた研修(グループ・エンカウンター、ソーシャル・スキル・トレーニング、ストレス・マネジメント教育等)がある。年度の終わりには、計画に基づき、教師による教育相談活動が適切に行われたかを評価することが必要で、それにより、さらに充実した実践が行われる。

[小澤美代子]

教育相談の分野

教育相談の分野は、(1)問題解決的・治療的教育相談、(2)予防的教育相談、(3)発達促進的・開発的教育相談に分けられる。

 (1)は、いじめや不登校、非行など現実生活に適応できない状況を解決し、場合によってはカウンセリングなどの治療的対応を行うものである。この分野はおもにスクールカウンセラーや教育相談機関、医療機関が担うものである。(2)は、大きな不適応には至っていないが、遅刻・欠席や体調不良などがみられる、不安定な状況下の児童・生徒に行われる。担任や養護教諭を中心として、この段階で早期発見・早期対応をすることが望ましい。(3)は、不適応感もなく元気に学校に通っている多くの児童・生徒に対して、社会性、情緒的豊かさ、学習能力や思考力などの獲得のための心の成長を支え、さらに向上させていくものである。担任を中心に授業や特別活動のなかで児童・生徒の理解を進め、学級の良い雰囲気をつくり、心のエネルギーを充足することによって、健全な成長を促すことである。

 教育相談の取り組みには連携が必要である。校内では教師が1人で問題を抱え込まない体制作り、校外では保護者をはじめ地域・関係機関との連携が重要である。児童相談所などの社会福祉機関、病院・保健所などの医療機関、警察・青少年センターなどの司法機関など多くの機関と学校との日ごろからの連携が、教育相談の充実のために欠かすことのできないものである。

[小澤美代子]

『文部科学省編『学校における教育相談の考え方・進め方――中学校・高等学校編』(1990・国立印刷局)』『大野精一著『学校教育相談――理論化の試み』(1997・ほんの森出版)』『大野精一著『学校教育相談――具体化の試み』(1997・ほんの森出版)』『日本学校教育相談会刊行図書編集委員会編著『学校教育相談学ハンドブック』(2006・ほんの森出版)』

[参照項目] | エンカウンター・グループ | カウンセラー | カウンセリング | 学校保健 | スクールカウンセラー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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