Former Hometown Farming Encouragement Order - Cucumber Farming Encouragement Order

Japanese: 旧里帰農奨励令 - きゅうりきのうしょうれいれい

…Specifically, he aimed to restore and increase the agricultural population and restore and expand the area of cultivated land. To this end, he issued orders such as bujiki (food for husbands), loans for farming tools and a moratorium on repayment, orders limiting migrant workers to other countries, and orders encouraging farmers who had migrated to Edo to return to their hometowns to farm. He also encouraged the storage of grain to prepare for famine, and set up rice storehouses in villages. …

From [Room]

…This inevitably led to an increase in surplus land (wasteland), which caused financial difficulties for feudal lords, and at the same time gave rise to gamblers, homeless people, and urban poor people, which became a cause of social unrest. Countermeasures against this became an important issue in the Kansei Reforms, and by providing waterworks, tenant farmers, and servants with money for farming tools and food, the government issued an order encouraging people to return to their old hometowns to farm in 1790 (Kansei 2), 1791, and 1793, and even provided expenses for returning to their villages and for purchasing fields. In addition, in 1793, the government issued a long ``request'' to the Kanto magistrates, instructing them to raise the tax rate to the original rate for areas where wasteland was to be returned, explaining its meaning, saying that it was a relief for the poor by limiting the landlords' share, and aimed to secure tax income by eliminating surplus land and restoring the management of real peasants. …

From "Return of the Person"

…(1) In late medieval Japan, local feudal lords and feudal lords took measures to bring back those who had eloped. The absence of samurai servants, peasants, servants, and other such people, which was widespread throughout late medieval society, not only destabilized the rule and management of local feudal lords and local lords, but also caused serious conflicts between local feudal lords and local lords, as the problem of bringing back fugitives from other territories became the cause of serious conflicts between local feudal lords and local lords. For this reason, local feudal lords in the Muromachi period made individual agreements with each other, with the main goal of capturing and returning those who had eloped, or in other words, making a more widespread, organized pact to revolt. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Former Hometown Return Encouragement Order" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…具体的には，農業人口の回復増加と耕地面積の復旧拡大をめざした。そのため，夫食（ぶじき），農具代の恩貸とその返済猶予令，他国への出稼ぎ制限令，江戸に流入した農民に対する旧里帰農奨励令などを発した。また飢饉対策として備荒貯穀を奨励し，村々に籾蔵を設置した。…

【手余地】より

…これは必然的に手余地＝荒地の増加となり，領主財政窮迫の因となり，同時に博徒，無宿（むしゆく）者，都市細民を生み出して社会不安の一因になった。寛政改革ではこれへの対策が重要課題となり，水呑，小作人，奉公人などに農具代，夫食（ぶじき）を与えて手余地＝荒地を開発させ，1790年(寛政2)，91年，93年と続けて旧里帰農奨励令を公布し，帰村費や田畑購入費まで支給した。さらに93年，関東代官に長文の〈申諭〉を令達し，荒地起返（おこしかえし）の場所は元の租率に引き上げるように指示し，その意味を説明して，地主取分を制限して貧民一統を救済するものだとし，手余地の解消と本百姓経営の再建によって貢租収入の確保をねらった。…

【人返し】より

…(1)日本の中世後期，在地領主層や戦国大名のとった欠落（かけおち）者の連れ戻し策。中世後期の社会を通じて広く現れた武家奉公人，百姓，下人などの欠落は，在地領主や土豪の支配や経営の基盤を不安定にしたばかりでなく，逃亡した領民の他領からの連れ戻し問題は，在地領主や土豪相互間の深刻な対立を引き起こす原因ともなった。そのため，室町期の在地領主層は互いに欠落者の拘束と相互返還，つまり人返しを主要な課題として個別に協定を交わしたり，より広く組織的に一揆の契約を結んだりした。…

※「旧里帰農奨励令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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