This refers to yen-denominated national credit provided by the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (now the Japan Bank for International Cooperation) or the Export-Import Bank of Japan (now the Japan Bank for International Cooperation) based on an intergovernmental agreement to support the economic development and welfare of developing countries or the improvement of their balance of payments. It is also called a direct loan. Official Development Assistance (ODA) This is a loan provided directly to a recipient country, excluding indirect aid to international organizations, etc., and is implemented by the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund, with a very small exception. Yen loans are divided into the following types based on their purpose: (1) Project loan A loan for a specific project. A loan that covers multiple projects by providing an aid frame. (2) Sector loan A loan provided for multiple projects in a certain sector, such as a bank loan. (3) Program loan A loan provided to overcome difficulties in the balance of payments and support economic stability, including commodity aid. Not only do yen loans occupy an important position in Japan's ODA, but the scale of funds they provide is extremely large by international standards, with low interest rates and a high untied rate with no conditions or restrictions attached. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
発展途上国の経済開発と福祉の増進,あるいは国際収支の改善を支援するため,政府間の協定に基づいて海外経済協力基金 (現国際協力銀行) や日本輸出入銀行 (現国際協力銀行) が供与する円建ての国家的信用供与をいう。直接借款ともいう。政府開発援助 ODAのうち,国際機関などへの間接援助を除いた,相手国に対して直接行う融資であり,ごく一部を除き海外経済協力基金により実施される。円借款は,その使途により次のような種類に分けられる。 (1) プロジェクト・ローン 特定のプロジェクトに対する借款。援助枠を供与することにより複数のプロジェクトを対象とする借款。 (2) セクター・ローン バンク・ローンのように,あるセクターの複数プロジェクトに対して供与する借款。 (3) プログラム・ローン 国際収支上の困難を打開し,経済の安定を支援するために供与される借款で,商品援助がこれに含まれる。円借款は日本の ODAにおいて重要な地位を占めるばかりでなく,国際的にみてその資金規模はきわめて大きなものであり,金利が低く,条件や制限をつけないアンタイド率も高くなっている。
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