Woyzeck

Japanese: 《ウォイツェック》 - うぉいつぇっく
Woyzeck

...One of the masterpieces of the 20th century opera, composed by A. Berg and based on the original work by G. Büchner. Berg saw a performance of Büchner's drama Woyzeck in 1914, wrote his own libretto based on Büchner's original work, and began composing. Berg's first opera, Woyzeck, premiered at the Berlin State Opera on December 14, 1925. Woyzeck, a helpless soldier who used to be a barber, loves his ordinary wife Marie, but when she is seduced by a manly drum major, he kills Marie with a knife and then dies himself in a pond. ...

From [Modern Drama]

However, from today's perspective, the people who should be considered the forerunners of modern drama are the Germans JMR Lenz, H. von Kleist, and G. Büchner, and the French LCA de Musset and P. Mérimée, who were not recognized by the world at the time despite their awareness of social issues and deep insight into human psychology. In particular, Büchner's Woyzeck, who died young, was discovered in manuscript in the late 19th century and was praised as a pioneering work of naturalism with a lower-class protagonist, and in the 20th century, along with another work, Danton's Death, it has been considered a forerunner of modern drama. CF Hebbel, who was born in the same year as Büchner, advocated the possibility of a fateful tragedy unique to the modern era.

From [Büchner]

...German playwright and natural scientist. Son of a doctor near Darmstadt, Hesse. In 1831, he entered the University of Strasbourg to study medicine and natural sciences, where he was exposed to the revolutionary atmosphere and various ideas. Two years later, he transferred to the University of Giessen in Hesse, and in 1834 he founded the revolutionary secret society "The Society for the Rights of Man" in Giessen, and drafted "Der hessische Landbote", a document encouraging peasants to rise up against the government (revised by Protestant pastor Weidig).

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Woyzeck" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…G.ビュヒナー原作,A.ベルク作曲による20世紀オペラの傑作の一つ。ベルクは1914年にビュヒナーのドラマ《ウォイツェックWoyzeck》の上演に接し,ビュヒナーの原作をもとにみずから台本を作成して作曲を開始し,ベルクの最初のオペラ作品として,1925年12月14日にベルリン国立歌劇場で初演された。床屋あがりの無力な兵士ウォツェックは,平凡な妻マリーを愛しているが,男ぶりのよい鼓手長に妻を寝とられてしまい,マリーをナイフで殺害し,みずからも池に入って死んでしまう。…

【近代劇】より

… だが今日からみて,近代劇の先取りとすべきは,社会問題意識や人間心理の洞察の深さにもかかわらず,当時は世に認められなかったドイツのJ.M.R.レンツ,H.vonクライスト,G.ビュヒナー,フランスのL.C.A.deミュッセ,P.メリメなどであろう。とくに夭逝したビュヒナーの《ウォイツェック》は19世紀後半に原稿が発見され,下層民を主人公とした自然主義の先駆作品として評価されたが,もう一つの《ダントンの死》とともに,20世紀になってからは現代演劇の先取りともみなされてくる。彼と同年生れのC.F.ヘッベルは近代特有の運命悲劇の可能性を唱えた。…

【ビュヒナー】より

…ドイツの劇作家,自然科学者。ヘッセン州ダルムシュタット近郊の医者の息子。1831年,医学と自然科学を学ぶため,シュトラスブルク大学に入学,革命的雰囲気とさまざまな思想に触れる。2年後,ヘッセンのギーセン大学に移り,34年ギーセンに革命的秘密結社〈人権協会〉を設立,農民に政府打倒の決起を促す文書《ヘッセンの急使Der hessische Landbote》を起草する(プロテスタントの牧師ワイディヒが修正。…

※「《ウォイツェック》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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