Jesuit Theatre

Japanese: イエズス会演劇 - いえずすかいえんげき

…School plays were the mainstream of Western European drama in the 17th century, but by the end of the century they had fallen out of favor. The Jesuit drama in German-speaking countries, which was a compilation of school plays, developed a style of Baroque drama that protected classical languages. In particular, N. Avancini (1611-86), a monk at the Jesuit College in Vienna, wrote many masterpieces in Latin and performed them on magnificent stages, using them to teach students language, religion, morality, and etiquette. …

From [German Literature]

…Wordplay and allegorical painting also emerged during this period, but this can be seen as a demand for stronger expressions to respond to the tragic reality of Germany. In the theater, following on from Calderon's martyrdom plays, Jesuit drama became popular, and various experiments in stage techniques were made that would become the basis of modern drama. In prose, the most outstanding work is Grimmelshausen's The Adventures of Simplicissimus, which inherited the Spanish villain novel. …

From [Baroque Theatre]

...This idea is best embodied in the religious plays performed by the religious organizations that were at the forefront of the Counter-Reformation movement. In particular, Jesuit drama developed greatly between 1550 and 1650, with Jakob Biedermann (1578-1639), Pontanus, Avancini, and others active in the field. Martyr plays, which contain cruel scenes, were often performed in Jesuit drama for the purpose of evangelization. Biedermann's masterpiece, Cenodoxus (1602), is a Faustian tale of an angel and God fighting for the soul of a Parisian scholar who has fallen into the sin of arrogance, and has a moral message. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "Jesuit Theatre" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…学校劇は17世紀の西欧劇の主流であったが，世紀末には下火になった。学校劇を集大成したドイツ語圏のイエズス会演劇は，古典語を守りけんらんたるバロック劇を展開した。とくにウィーンのイエズス会学院の修道司祭アバンキーニN.Avancini(1611‐86)などは数々のラテン語の名作を書き，みごとな舞台で上演し，生徒の語学，宗教，道徳，礼儀の教育に利用した。…

【ドイツ文学】より

…言葉の遊びや寓意画の試みもこの時期に生じているが，これはドイツの悲惨な現実に対応するために強い表現が要求されたと見られよう。演劇では，カルデロンの殉教劇の流れを汲んで，イエズス会演劇Jesuitendramaが盛んになり，近代劇の基礎となる舞台技術上の種々の試みがなされた。散文で異彩を放っているのは，スペインの悪者小説を受け継いだグリンメルスハウゼンの《ジンプリチシムスの冒険》である。…

【バロック劇】より

…この考え方を最もよく体現しているのは，反宗教改革運動の先頭を切った教団で行われた教団劇であり，とくにイエズス会の演劇は1550‐1650年の間にひじょうな発展を遂げ，ビーダーマンJakob Biedermann(1578‐1639)，ポンターヌス，アバンチーニなどが活躍した。イエズス会演劇では残酷な場面をもつ殉教者劇も，布教の目的でしばしば上演された。傑作といわれるビーダーマンの《ツェノドクススCenodoxus》(1602)は，慢心の罪に陥ったパリの学者の魂を天使と神が奪いあうというファウスト的な物語で，教訓的な内容をもっている。…

※「イエズス会演劇」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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