Albino (English spelling)

Japanese: アルビノ(英語表記)albino
Albino (English spelling)
This is translated as albinism. It is also called shiroko (white roe). An animal that is white or extremely pale due to a lack of pigment. The pigment that gives the body its dark color is melanin, which is produced by the conversion and polymerization of the amino acid tyrosine. Albinism occurs when the action of the enzyme tyrosinase, which is part of this reaction pathway, is impaired. The enzyme deficiency is hereditary, and albino rabbits and white mice have been established as breeds of albino animals. Albino individuals also lack pigment in their eyes, so their pupils are red, reflecting the color of blood in the retina and other parts of the body. Some animals turn white in winter (such as the snow hare), but their eyes remain black and some parts of their body, such as the tips of their ears, may remain colored. White cows and white snakes, which are considered special in folklore, are also albino animals. Albinos are also seen in humans, and they have handicaps such as sensitivity to the glare of strong light, severe sunburn even with short exposure to sunlight, and a high incidence of skin cancer. Albinism is thought to be due to a simple recessive Mendelian gene.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
白化型と訳す。また白子 (しろこ,しらこ) ともいう。色素欠乏のため白色または著しい淡色となった動物個体。体を暗色にする色素は,アミノ酸の一種チロシンが変化,重合して生じるメラニンであり,アルビノが生じるのは,この反応経路の一部分にある酵素チロシナーゼの作用がそこなわれていることによる。酵素欠損は遺伝的であり,カイウサギ,シロネズミなどではアルビノが飼育品種として確立している。アルビノ個体では眼の色素も欠けるので,網膜などの血液の色を反映して瞳孔が赤い。冬になると白色化する動物 (たとえばユキウサギ) もあるが,これらは,眼は黒いまま,また耳端など体の一部分が着色したまま残っていることもある。伝承などで特別視される白牛,シロヘビなどもアルビノ動物である。人間にもアルビノはみられ,強光のまぶしさに対して敏感である,短時間日光にさらされただけで強い日焼けを起し,皮膚癌の発生率も高いなどのハンディキャップがある。アルビノの遺伝形式は,単純な劣性メンデル式遺伝子によると考えられている。

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