Maẓālim (English spelling)

Japanese: maẓālim(英語表記)mazalim
Maẓālim (English spelling)

…Retrials are held before the person who received a favorable ruling. In principle, there is no system of appeal to a higher court in Islamic law, but in practice, the maẓālim courts, which are settled by administrative officials such as caliphs and emirs, play this role, and the procedures for appeals are determined by custom. Originally, the maẓālim courts were institutions that handled administrative complaints to which sharia did not apply, but later they also came to hear appeals from those who were dissatisfied with the rulings of the sharia courts. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "maẓālim" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…再審理は有利な判決を受けた者の面前で行われる。 イスラム法では,原則として上級裁判所への上訴制度はないが,現実にはカリフやアミールなどの行政責任者が決済するマザーリムmaẓālim法廷がこの役割を果たし,上訴の手続は慣行で定められていた。元来マザーリム法廷は,シャリーアの適用されない行政上の訴えを処理する機関であったが,後にシャリーア法廷の判決を不満とするものの上訴をも審理するようになった。…

※「maẓālim」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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