Reactance - reactance

Japanese: リアクタンス - りあくたんす(英語表記)reactance
Reactance - reactance

A quantity that indicates the difficulty of AC (sine wave) current flowing in an AC circuit. It is a pseudo resistance that does not consume energy. It is the imaginary part of impedance and is the inverse of susceptance. There are three elements that impede the flow of current in an AC circuit: resistance, inductance (coefficient of induction), and capacitance (electrostatic capacity). The current flowing through a resistance component (mainly a resistor) is in phase with the voltage at both ends of the resistance component, while the current flowing through an inductor (something that produces inductance; mainly a coil) lags in phase with the voltage at both ends of the inductor by π (pi) radians. Also, the current flowing through a capacitor (something that produces capacitance; mainly a capacitor) leads in phase with the voltage at both ends of the capacitor by π radians. This property is expressed as an imaginary number in the complex number (numbers expressed in real and imaginary units) notation used in AC theory.

Reactance due to an inductor is called inductive reactance, and reactance due to a capacitor is called capacitive reactance. The reactance of an AC circuit is determined by the self-inductance, mutual inductance, capacitance, and frequency in the circuit. The reactance that causes 1 ampere of AC (sine wave) current to flow when 1 volt of AC (sine wave) voltage is applied is defined as 1 ohm (Ω). The symbol is X , and the relationship between impedance (symbol is Z ) and resistance component (symbol is R ) is Z = R + jX ( j is the imaginary unit).

[Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa]

[Reference] | Impedance | AC | Susceptance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

交流回路における交流(正弦波)電流の流れにくさを表す量。エネルギーを消費しない擬似的な抵抗。インピーダンスの虚数部で、サセプタンスの逆数となる。交流回路において電流の流れを妨げる要素は、抵抗、インダクタンス(誘導係数)、キャパシタンス(静電容量)の三つである。抵抗成分(おもに抵抗器)を流れる電流は、抵抗成分の両端の電圧と同位相であるのに対し、インダクター(インダクタンスを生じるもの。おもにコイル)を流れる電流は、インダクターの両端の電圧に対して位相がπ(パイ)ラジアン遅れる。またキャパシター(キャパシタンスを生じるもの。おもにコンデンサー)を流れる電流は、キャパシターの両端の電圧に対して位相がπラジアン進む。この性質は、交流理論で用いられる複素数(実数と虚数単位で表される数)表示では虚数で表される。

 インダクターによるリアクタンスを誘導性リアクタンス、キャパシターによるリアクタンスを容量性リアクタンスという。交流回路のリアクタンスは、回路中の自己インダクタンス、相互インダクタンス、キャパシタンスおよび周波数によってその値が決まる。1ボルトの交流(正弦波)電圧を加えたとき、1アンペアの交流(正弦波)電流が流れるリアクタンスを1オーム(Ω)と定めてある。記号はXで、インピーダンス(記号はZ)と抵抗成分(記号はR)との関係は、ZRjXjは虚数単位)である。

[布施 正・吉澤昌純]

[参照項目] | インピーダンス | 交流 | サセプタンス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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