Iranology; Īrānshināsī

Japanese: イラン学 - イランがく(英語表記)Iranology; Īrānshināsī
Iranology; Īrānshināsī
Academic field that aims to comprehensively understand Iranian culture. It is also used as a general term for individual studies of Iran that seek to clarify the characteristics of Iranian culture. The deciphering of the rock inscription of Darius I at Bishtun (Behistun), comparative studies of the Avesta, and deciphering documents excavated in Central Asia led to progress in the study of Old Persian and Middle Persian, and coupled with the investigation of dialects within the Iranian cultural sphere, including the Pamir dialect, the linguistic foundations of Iranology were established in the 20th century. The 2,500-year history of Iran has been studied in varying degrees of detail depending on the dynasty and era, but it has been recognized that the traditions of Iranian culture have remained consistent despite invasions, domination, and political discontinuities by other ethnic groups, and the influence of Iranian culture has been confirmed not only on the Iranian plateau but also in a wide area of ​​Western Asia, India, and Central Asia. Persian literature is the cultural heritage of which Iranians are most proud, and it is studied by the largest number of researchers in Iranology, with studies of individual poets and works as well as systematic literary histories being written. Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, which reveal the characteristics of Iranian thought, as well as the role that Iranians have played in the history of Islam, especially the issue of Shiites, are dealt with in the fields of religious studies, philosophy, and sociology. In recent years, research on Zoroastrianism during the Sassanid period has been promoted using Pahlavi documents, inscriptions, and excavated documents, and Shiite thought in the 16th and 17th centuries is being reevaluated. Since ancient times, Iranians have created a unique world of beauty. Valuable Iranian art and crafts are stored in art museums around the world. Furthermore, archaeological research on the abundant ruins, including Persepolis, is a major field of Iranian studies, and excavation, repair, and preservation are being carried out vigorously. Comparative research on Iranian art and archaeology contributes to the elucidation of Eurasian continental culture, including cultural exchange between the East and the West. The historicity and universality of Iranian culture have produced many Iranian culture enthusiasts and Iranologists not only in Iran itself but also around the world. On the other hand, of the vast number of Persian documents, only a few of the major ones have been published, and only a few have been translated; most remain in manuscript form.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イラン文化の総合的認識を目的とする学問。イラン文化の特質を明らかにしようとする個々のイラン研究の総称としても用いられる。ビーシトゥーン (ベヒストゥーン) のダレイオス1世の磨崖碑文の解読,アベスタの比較研究,中央アジア出土文書の解読により,古期ペルシア語,中期ペルシア語の研究が進み,パミール方言を含むイラン文化圏内の諸方言調査と相まって,20世紀に入ってイラン学の言語学的基礎ができた。 2500年にわたるイラン史については,王朝,時代によって研究に精粗があるが,他民族による侵入,支配と政治的断絶にもかかわらず,イラン文化伝統の一貫性保持という認識が確立され,イラン高原のみならず,西アジア,インド,中央アジアの広域に残っているイラン文化の影響も確認されている。ペルシア文学はイラン人が最も誇りとする文化遺産であり,その研究はイラン学のなかで研究者層が最も厚く,個々の詩人,作品の研究から,体系的な文学史も書かれている。イラン思想の特色を明らかにするゾロアスター教,マニ教,さらにイラン人がイスラム教史で果たしてきた役割,特にシーア派の問題は,宗教学,哲学,社会学の分野で取り扱われている。近年,パフラビー語の文献,碑文,出土文書によるササン朝期のゾロアスター教研究が推進されており,また 16~17世紀のシーア思想が見直されている。古来イラン人は独特の美の世界を創造してきた。各国美術館には貴重なイラン美術,工芸品が収蔵されている。さらにペルセポリスをはじめとする豊富な遺跡の考古学的研究もイラン学の一大分野であり,発掘調査,修理,保存が精力的に遂行されている。イランの美術,考古学の比較研究は,東西文化交流を含むユーラシア大陸文化の解明に寄与している。イラン文化の歴史性と普遍性はイラン本国のみならず,世界各国に多くのイラン文化愛好者,イラン学者を生んでいる。しかし一方で,膨大な数に上るペルシア語の文献のうちテキストが刊行されているものは主要なものの一部にかぎられ,訳されているものもわずかで,ほとんどが写本のままである。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Iranian Revolution

>>:  Iranian Music - Iranian Music

Recommend

Japanese holly fern - Japanese holly fern

An evergreen perennial fern of the Dryopteris fami...

Scottish Confession - Scottish Confession

The first confession of faith established by the P...

Barbus titteya (English spelling) Barbustitteya

...It is better not to keep slow-moving fish, suc...

ISO - Iso

International Organization for Standardization. An...

Nickel Carbonyl

Nickel tetracarbonyl [Ni(CO) 4 ] was discovered i...

Persimmon leaf - Persimmon leaf

A perennial plant of the Polygalaceae family (APG...

Weather forecast - Tenkiyoho (English) weather forecast

To predict and announce the weather conditions in...

Yosegoori - Yosegoori

A land unit found in Shimazu Manor, which existed ...

Kujo family

The main line of the Northern House of the Fujiwa...

Prince - Ouji

This area is located in the center of Kita-ku, To...

Chase, M.

...Since the 1940s, virology has developed, and i...

Watercolor - Watercolor

Paintings made with paints dissolved in water. In ...

Emperor Shirakawa

Year of death: 7/7/1129 (7/24/1129) Year of birth:...

Hem - Hem

[1] 〘noun〙① The bottom edge of a garment. The part...

Setsu Tanno - Setsu Tanno

Labor activist. Born in Obama Town, Fukushima Pre...