Also known as the axiom of choice. It is a proposition in set theory that for a set family (a set of sets) that does not contain the empty set φ , it is possible to select one element from each set in the family at once so that the set as a whole is also a set. In other words, it is a statement that when none of the sets in the family of sets are empty, for all F ∈, there exists a mapping such that f ( F ) ∈ F. Such a mapping f is called a selection function. G. Cantor predicted that "any set can be made into a well-ordered set by defining an appropriate order between its elements" (the well-orderability theorem), and in 1904, E. Zermelo first proposed the axiom of choice and used it to prove the well-orderability theorem. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
選出公理ともいう。空集合φを含まない集合族(集合の集合)に対して,それに属する各集合からそれぞれ一つずつ元を一挙に選び出してそれらの全体がまた集合になるようにできるという集合論の命題である。換言すれば,集合族に属する集合がいずれも空集合でないとき,すべてのF∈に対して,f(F)∈Fを満たす写像が存在するという陳述である。このような写像fを選択関数という。G.カントルは〈いかなる集合もその元の間に適当に順序を定義して整列集合にすることができる〉(整列可能定理)が成り立つことを予想していたが,1904年,E.ツェルメロが選択公理を初めて提出し,これを用いて整列可能定理を証明した。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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