Cycle - Cycle

Japanese: 周期 - しゅうき
Cycle - Cycle

If there is a quantity x = f ( t ) that changes with time t , and there exists a value of T such that f ( t + T ) = f ( t ) for all values ​​of t , then the change in time of x is said to be periodic, and T is called the period. If x represents the position of an object on a line, then x = f ( t ) represents the vibration on that line. Even if the motion is not on a line, if the same motion is repeated every fixed time period T, it is periodic motion. For example, the center of the Earth revolves around the Sun with a period of approximately one year. When there are two or more periodic phenomena and their periods are the same or are related by an integer ratio, these phenomena are said to be synchronized.

The above are periods related to time changes, but they can also be expanded to include spatial changes. Roof tiles and other such objects form periodic arrangements in two dimensions (planes). Waves are periodic whether you look at the spatial changes at a certain moment (waveform) or the time changes at a certain point (vibrations on the surface of water, etc.). In this case, the period of the spatial changes is called the wavelength.

[Koide Shoichiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

時間tとともに変化する量xf(t)があって、すべてのtの値に対してf(tT)=f(t)となるようなTが存在するとき、xの時間変化は周期的であるといい、Tをその周期とよぶ。xが1直線における物体の位置を表す場合には、xf(t)はその直線上における振動を表す。1直線上の運動でなくても、一定時間Tごとに同じ運動を繰り返すのは周期運動である。たとえば地球の中心は太陽の周りを約1年の周期で回転している。二つまたはそれ以上の周期現象があって、その周期が一致しているか整数比の関係にあるときには、これらの現象は同期(シンクロナイズ)しているという。

 以上は時間変化に関する周期であるが、これを拡張して空間変化などにも用いることがある。屋根瓦(やねがわら)やタイルなどは二次元(平面)の周期的な配列をつくっている。波は、ある瞬間における空間変化(波形)をみても、ある1点における時間変化(水面の振動など)をみても、ともに周期的になっている。この場合、空間変化のほうの周期は波長とよばれる。

[小出昭一郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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