Classical Japanese

Japanese: 古文 - こぶん
Classical Japanese

Kobun means characters in old characters, writings in old style, and writings from old times. In China, it generally refers to a type of prose, proposed in the early Tang Dynasty and successfully implemented by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the mid-Tang Dynasty. It is the name for the Bieibun (Piawen) (Piawen) that developed in the Six Dynasties, and is a unique style that aimed to imitate the style of writing before the Han Dynasty. There are Kobun from the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Bieibun placed emphasis on the use of couplets and allusions, and also put effort into the combination of sounds and rhymes, resulting in a hollow and superficial content. In order to overcome this drawback, Kobun was a restoration of writing before the Han Dynasty. When historians in the early Tang Dynasty compiled the histories of the Six Dynasties, they reflected on the historical texts. Yao Silian, Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, Li Baiyao, and Linghu Defang all advocated describing the beautiful and evil of both ancient and modern times based on ritual and music, while Liu Zhiji took the motto of recording the annals as his policy and advocated expressing the words of each family in concise yet meaningful writing.

Among the literati, Yuan Dexiu, Yuan Jie, Xiao Yingzhi, Li Hua and others advocated that authors should embody the ideals of the Six Classics and express them in their writing. Han Yu's "Ancient Texts of the Dao Dynasty" inherited this. Han Yu's ideal was to reject heresies (Buddhism, Daoism) and inherit the Confucian tradition. Han, Liu, and Song's Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong are called the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties."

[Terutoshi Yokota]

“Kobun” by Ichiro Sato (included in “Chinese Culture Series 4: Introduction to Literature” edited by Shuji Suzuki et al., 1967, Taishukan Shoten)”

[Reference] |

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古文には古い字体の文字、古い文体の文章、古い時代の文章の意味がある。中国では一般には散文の一体をさし、唐初に提唱され、中唐の韓愈(かんゆ)、柳宗元(りゅうそうげん)によって成功した文章をいう。六朝(りくちょう)に発達した駢儷文(べんれいぶん)(駢文)に対する名称で、漢以前の文体を目標に独自のスタイルを打ち出したもので、宋(そう)、明(みん)、清(しん)、それぞれの時代の古文がある。駢儷文は、対句の使用、典故の利用に重点を置き、声韻(せいいん)の配合にも力を注いだ結果として、内容が空疎、浮薄になった。その弊害を打破するために、漢以前の文章に復古したのが古文である。唐初の歴史家が六朝の史書を編纂(へんさん)するとき、歴史の文章に反省を加えた結果、姚思廉(ようしれん)、房玄齢(ぼうげんれい)、魏徴(ぎちょう)、李百薬(りひゃくやく)、令狐徳棻(れいことくふん)らが、礼楽を根底に、古今を通じて美悪を述べることを主張し、劉知幾(りゅうちき)が実録をモットーとして、簡要で含蓄のある文章で一家の言を述べることを主張した。

 文人では元徳秀を中心に元結(げんけつ)、蕭穎之(しょうえいし)、李華(りか)らによって、六経(りくけい)の理想を作者が体得して文章に表すことが唱えられた。韓愈の「載道(さいどう)の古文」はそれを継承している。異端(仏教、道教)を排して儒教の道統を継ぐのが韓愈の理想であった。韓、柳および宋の欧陽修(おうようしゅう)、蘇洵(そじゅん)、蘇軾(そしょく)、蘇轍(そてつ)、王安石、曽鞏(そうきょう)を「唐宋八大家」という。

[横田輝俊]

『佐藤一郎著「古文」(鈴木修次他編『中国文化叢書4 文学概論』所収・1967・大修館書店)』

[参照項目] | 駢文

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Kobun Exercise - Kobun Exercise

>>:  Ancient tomb - Kofun

Recommend

Body cavity -

A space (cavity) between the body wall and variou...

Jamal al-Din (reformist)

…Agitator and organizer of the Islamic reform and...

Rikubansui

A city in the western part of Guizhou Province, Ch...

Canadian Heavy Water Reactor - Kanada-type Heavy Water Reactor

⇒CANDU reactor Source: About Shogakukan Digital Da...

Automatic musical instrument - mechanical (musical) instrument

A general term for musical instruments that are p...

Myriapods - Tasokurui

Among the five classes of arthropods that have ad...

Oil God Man

…In the Middle Ages, oil was mainly used for ligh...

Ganga Delta - Ganga Delta

…Calcutta is located on the left bank (east bank)...

Crassostrea gigas (English spelling)

… [Cultivated oysters] Oyster farming is popular ...

State - Kokka (English spelling) state

Generally speaking, it refers to a political commu...

Omori Castle

This mountain castle ( yamajiro ) was located in F...

Senzan

A mountain located in Sumoto City, in the center ...

Baba Novac

...Another example of symbiosis is the activities...

Epoxidation - Epokisika (English spelling)

This is a reaction in which one oxygen atom is ad...

Jostedalsbreen - Jostedalsbreen (English name)

It is the largest glacier in Norway and Europe, lo...