Audit corporation - Kansa Hojin

Japanese: 監査法人 - かんさほうじん
Audit corporation - Kansa Hojin

A special corporation established under the Certified Public Accountant Act with the approval of the Prime Minister and with five or more Certified Public Accountants as members (investors). As limitations in the ability of private accounting firms to audit large companies such as listed companies were pointed out, the Certified Public Accountant Act was amended in 1966 to provide an organized auditing system. Under the old Certified Public Accountant Act, all members had the power to execute business operations and were jointly and severally liable for the business operations. In legal terms, this system was similar to a general partnership, but as the scale of the company expanded, it no longer suited the actual business operations. Therefore, in June 2008, the Certified Public Accountant Act was amended to introduce the system of "limited liability audit corporations," in which all members are limited liability members. Under this system, if there are debts that cannot be paid off with the assets of the limited liability audit corporation, the person in charge of the business designated and notified for each audit certification, i.e. the "designated limited liability member," is responsible for paying off the debt, and other members are liable up to the value of their investment. In return for adopting this system, a minimum capital amount (the total number of employees multiplied by 1 million yen), the subscription to liability insurance, and the disclosure of audit reports on financial statements were institutionalized.

As of the end of December 2009, the number of auditing corporations had reached 195, with the major auditing corporations collaborating with international accounting firms to provide global auditing services.

[Tetsuyoshi Hasegawa and Yoshito Nakamura]

"The New Certified Public Accountant and Audit Corporation Audit System: Toward Ensuring Fair Financial and Capital Markets" edited by Yuichi Ikeda and Hidenori Mitsui, written by Shiro Okita, Akira Nozaki, and Yukito Machida (2009, Daiichi Hoki)

[Reference] | Accounting Audit | Certified Public Accountant

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

公認会計士5人以上が社員(出資者)となり、内閣総理大臣の認可を受けて設立される公認会計士法上の特別法人。上場会社などの大企業に対する会計監査を個人組織の会計事務所が行うことの限界が指摘されたため、組織的監査体制を実現すべく、1966年(昭和41)の公認会計士法改正により制度化された。旧公認会計士法では、社員は全員が業務執行権をもつと同時に、業務について無限連帯責任を負うことになっていた。法律上の形態としては合名会社に近い制度であるが、規模の拡大により経営実態にあわなくなってきた。そのため、2008年(平成20)6月、公認会計士法等の一部が改正され、社員の全部を有限責任社員とする「有限責任監査法人」の制度が導入された。この制度では、有限責任監査法人の財産をもって完済することができない債務がある場合は、監査証明ごとに指定し通知する業務を担当する者、すなわち「指定有限責任社員」がその債務を弁済する責任を負い、それ以外の社員は出資の価額を限度として責任を負うことになる。また、この制度を採用する見返りとして、最低資本金額(社員の総数に100万円を乗じた額)や損害賠償責任保険への加入、計算書類に関する監査報告書の開示などが制度化された。

 2009年12月末現在の監査法人数は195社に達し、大手監査法人は、国際的な会計事務所と提携してグローバルな監査業務を展開している。

[長谷川哲嘉・中村義人]

『池田唯一・三井秀範監修、大来志郎・野崎彰・町田行人著『新しい公認会計士・監査法人監査制度――公正な金融・資本市場の確保に向けて』(2009・第一法規)』

[参照項目] | 会計監査 | 公認会計士

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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