Additives - Kayaku

Japanese: 加薬 - かやく

〘noun〙① In Chinese herbal medicine, adding a small amount of a supporting drug to increase the effect of the main drug or to make it easier to drink. Also, the drug itself. *Toraakihon Kyogen Jinba (late Muromachi period - early modern period) "Jinhi, kanzau, various kayaku o" ② Spices for cooking. Condiments. Such as Japanese pepper, sesame, ginger, mustard, and green onions. *Unpo Iroha (1548) "Kayaku kaami" ③ Mainly in the Kansai region, this refers to various ingredients added to or mixed into noodles, chawanmushi (steamed egg custard) , rice, etc. Toppings. Such as meat and vegetables. ※Amateur Cooking Knife - First (1803) "Food to be used for kayak (additional ingredients) include sea bream, ark shell, ahabi, thinly fried eggs, wood jellyfish, small shiso leaves, matsuna, and leftover shiitake mushrooms." ④ (also called "kayaku") Ingredients for salads. ⑤ Various topics that are not directly related to the main story. [Essay] As can be seen from the example of "unpo iroha" in ②, in the Middle Ages, it seems that the word was used to mean a garnish or seasoning, rather than literally meaning to add medicine. Regarding ③, rice and a mixture added to increase the volume are seasoned and cooked together, that is, what is generally called "gomokumeshi" in Kanto is called "kayakumeshi" in Kansai.

Kuwae - Gusurikuhahe [Additive]

〘noun〙 Something added to food as a flavoring.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 漢方薬で、主要薬の効果を増すため、あるいは飲みよくするために、少量の補助薬を加えること。また、その薬。※虎明本狂言・人馬（室町末‐近世初）「ぢんひ・かんざう・色々のかやくを」② 料理の香辛料。薬味。さんしょう、ごま、しょうが、からし、ねぎなどの類。※運歩色葉（1548）「加薬加味」③ 主として関西で、めん類、茶碗蒸(ちゃわんむし)、飯などに加え、またはまぜる諸種の具(ぐ)をいう。たね。肉や野菜などの類。※素人庖丁‐初（1803）「加益(カヤク)に遣ふ物、鯛かれにてもよし、赤貝、あはび、玉子うすやき、木くらげ、小しそ、まつな、其余しいたけなど遣ふもよし」④ (「加役」とも) あえ物の材料。⑤ 話の本筋には直接かかわりのない諸種の話題。[語誌]②の「運歩色葉」の例からわかるように中世頃には、文字通り薬を加える意から、付け合わせ、薬味の意としても用いられるようになったものと思われる。③に関して、米と、増量のために加えた混ぜ物をともに味つけして炊いたもの、すなわち、一般に関東で「五目飯」と呼ばれるものを、関西では「加薬飯」という。