Cross-country climbing - Oudantozan

...Therefore, in a broad sense, mountaineering techniques are based on making a plan of action based on sufficient preparation and training, and on judging the balance of power between humans and nature, and concrete techniques for climbing, walking, living, etc. are rather secondary. There are several types of mountaineering: (1) round-trip climbing, ascending and descending the same course on one mountain, (2) traverse climbing, ascending one side of a peak or mountain range and descending the other, (3) traverse climbing, walking along several peaks in a row, (4) radial climbing, ascending and descending the surrounding mountains from a base at the foot of a mountain or in the mountains, (5) concentrated climbing, in which several parties climb a mountain from different routes aiming for the peak, and (6) upstream climbing along a valley. In addition, there is a method called the polar method, in which camps are set up one after another with the support of a large number of people, and the attacking party reaches the peak at the end, which is used in the Himalayas, etc.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "cross-country mountaineering" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…したがって，登山技術は広い意味では，十分な準備と訓練のうえに立って行動計画を立案し，さらに自然と人間の力関係を判断していくことが基本で，登攀，歩行，生活などの具体的な技術は，むしろ2次的なものであるといえよう。登山の形式としては，(1)一つの山で同じコースを登降する往復登山，(2)一峰または山脈などの一方の側から登山し，他の側に下りる横断登山，(3)いくつかの山頂を連ねて歩く縦走登山，(4)山麓あるいは山中に根拠地を置いて周囲の山々へ登降する放射状登山，(5)一つの山頂をめざして，数パーティが違うルートから登山する集中登山，(6)渓谷沿いに登降する遡行などがある。さらに，極地法と呼ばれる，大人数の支援を受けて次々とキャンプを設営し，最後に攻撃隊が頂上をきわめるという方法もあり，ヒマラヤなどで行われる。…

※「横断登山」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報