...Sometimes, the particles are mixed with graphite to make pellets, which are then enclosed in graphite spheres to make fuel bodies, while others mix the particles with graphite and form them into rods to make fuel rods, which are then placed in large graphite blocks with many holes to make the reactor core. Graphite is stable when irradiated with neutrons at high temperatures, but when irradiated at relatively low temperatures, strain energy accumulates inside, and when the temperature is raised, this is rapidly released and becomes thermal energy, causing a sudden rise in the temperature of the graphite (Wigner release). This was the cause of the Windscale nuclear reactor accident in the UK (October 1959).... *Some of the terminology used to refer to "Wigner liberation" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これを黒鉛と混合してペレットとし,さらに黒鉛球の中に封入して燃料体とするものや,粒子を黒鉛と混合したものを棒状に成形して燃料棒とし,これを多数の孔のあいた大きな黒鉛ブロックの中に入れて炉心を構成するものなどがある。黒鉛は高温で中性子の照射を受けたときには安定であるが,比較的低温で照射されると内部にひずみエネルギーが蓄積し,温度を上げると急速に開放され熱エネルギーとなり,黒鉛の温度が急上昇する現象がある(ウィグナー解放)。イギリスのウィンズケールの原子炉事故(1959年10月)はこの原因による。… ※「ウィグナー解放」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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