Theodulf

Japanese: Theodulf

...The capital of the Loaré department in central France. Population 108,000 (1990). Located on the Loire River, about 115 km south of Paris, it is a key hub of rail and road transport. It is home to a university and a court, and is the center of local administration, academics, education and commerce. The 50,000-hectare Bois de Orléans is nearby. It has long flourished as a distribution center for agricultural products from the hinterland and a transshipment point for water transport on the Loire River, and commerce and industry developed in the 17th and 18th centuries. From the mid-19th century onwards, the city stagnated economically with the decline of water transport as the railway era began, but after World War II, industries were dispersed from the Paris area, and in addition to the existing food industry (such as vinegar brewing), various industries such as tires, chemicals and machinery developed in the city and its surrounding areas. This, combined with the development of the tertiary industry, has led to a remarkable increase in the population of the metropolitan area. ...

From [Carolingian Art]

…Art flourished in the Frankish Kingdom, ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, from the latter half of the 8th century to the end of the 9th century. The revival of ancient culture, known as the Carolingian Renaissance, spread rapidly to the field of art, especially from around 800, when Charlemagne was crowned. Traditionally, the Germanic people had an abstract artistic sensibility and mainly used geometric patterns in decoration. At that time, the influence of Irish art, which was mainly abstract but also contained human figures, had already permeated northern continental Europe, including northern Italy, and the Merovingian paintings that preceded it featured abstract patterns as well as some human figures. …

From [Christian Literature]

…It is also worth noting that England had two poets of this period who produced religious poetry in Old English: Caedmon (late 7th century) and Cynewulf (late 8th century). Among the many men of letters who gathered at Charles' court, the most famous poets were Theodulf of Orléans (c. 750-c. 821) and Angilbert (c. 745-c. 814), who wrote the Easter Sunday hymn "Glory, praise, and honor, O Christ Redeemer." Paulus Diaconus (c. 720-c. 797), author of "History of the Lombards," also produced poems such as "The Life of Pope Gregory the Great" and "Hymn to John the Baptist," which became the source of the octavo scale. The Alcuinite tradition produced many excellent religious poets, among whom were Rabanus Maurus, Gottschalk, and Walahfrid Strabo (808 or 809-849), all of whom were from the Abbey of Fulda, and who were noted for their pious, sad, and graceful hymns.

From Germiny-des-Prés

…A small village in the Loarre department in central France. Population: about 400. A private chapel (c. 800) attached to the villa of Theodulf, Bishop of Orléans and Abbot of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, who was an advisor to Charlemagne's court. It has a centralized plan and is heavily influenced by Byzantine art, with mosaic decorations. A nave was added to the west in the 15th century. Today's church was rebuilt during a 19th century restoration, with the exception of the vestry and its mosaics. The mosaics are the only surviving mosaics from Charlemagne's time. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Theodulf" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…フランス中部，ロアレ県の県都。人口10万8000(1990)。ロアール川に臨み，パリの南方約115kmに位置する鉄道･道路交通の要衝。大学や裁判所があり，地方の行政，学術･教育や商業の中心地で，近くには5万haに及ぶオルレアンの森がある。古くから後背地の農産物の集散地，ロアール川水運の積替地として栄え，17,18世紀には商工業が発達した。19世紀中葉以降，鉄道時代にはいると水運の衰退にともない，経済的に停滞したが，第2次大戦後になってパリ地域からの工業分散などにより，在来の食品工業(酢醸造など)に加えて，タイヤ，薬品，機械などの諸工業が同市やその周辺に発展し，第3次産業の発展とあいまって，都市圏の人口増加が著しい。…

【カロリング朝美術】より

…カロリング朝が支配したフランク王国で，8世紀後半から9世紀末にかけて栄えた美術。カロリング･ルネサンスとよばれる古代文化復興運動は特に，カール大帝が戴冠した800年ころより急激に美術の分野にも及んだ。伝統的にゲルマン人は抽象的な芸術感覚をもち，装飾にはおもに幾何学文を用いていた。当時イタリア北部を含むヨーロッパ大陸北部には，抽象文が主であるが人像表現ももつアイルランド系美術の影響が既に浸透して，先立つメロビング朝絵画には抽象文のほか若干の人物像も登場する。…

【キリスト教文学】より

…この時代にイギリスは，古代英語で宗教詩を制作した2人の詩人，キャドモンCaedmon(7世紀末)とキネウルフ(8世紀末)をもったことも注目に値する。　カールの朝廷に集まった多くの文人中，詩人として名高いのは復活祭前主日の賛歌《栄えと称賛，誉れとを享（う）けたまえ，あがない主キリストよ》などの作者オルレアンのテオドゥルフTheodulf(750ころ‐821ころ)やアンギルベルトAngilbert(745ころ‐814)らであるが，《ランゴバルド史》の作者パウルス･ディアコヌスPaulus Diaconus(720ころ‐797ころ)にも《大教皇グレゴリウス伝》や，8音階の源となった《バプテスマのヨハネへの賛歌》などの詩がある。アルクインの流れは多くのすぐれた宗教詩人を生み，中でもフルダ修道院によったラバヌス･マウルスやゴットシャルク，ワラフリド･ストラボWalahfrid Strabo(808か809‐849)は，それぞれ敬虔な，あるいは哀切な，また優雅な賛歌の作者として知られる。…

【ジェルミニー･デ･プレ】より

…フランス中部，ロアレ県の小村。人口約400人。オルレアン司教であり，サン･ブノア･シュル･ロアール修道院長であった，カール大帝の宮廷顧問テオドゥルフThéodulfの別荘に付属した私設礼拝堂(800ころ)が残る。集中式プランで，モザイクによる装飾を施すなど，ビザンティン美術の影響が濃い。15世紀西側に身廊が設けられた。今日の教会は，主祭室とそのモザイクを除き，19世紀の修復時の再建になる。そのモザイクは現存する唯一のカール大帝時代のもの。…

※「Theodulf」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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