In a complex, the ions or molecules that are coordinated to the central atom are collectively called ligands. They are also called ligands. For example, in [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]Cl 3 , K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], Cs 2 [CoCl 4 ], and [Cu(NH 2 CH 2 COO) 2 ], NH 3 , CN - , Cl - , and NH 2 CH 2 COO - are ions or molecules that are bonded to the central atoms Co 3+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cu 2+ , respectively, and are ligands. In this way, a ligand can be either a single atomic ion or a polyatomic group. In this case, the atoms in the ligand that are directly bonded to the central atom, such as N in NH 3 , C in CN - , Cl in Cl - , and N and O in NH 2 CH 2 COO -, are called coordinating atoms. Of these, those with two coordinating atoms in one ligand are called bidentate ligands, and those with three, four, five, six, etc. are called tridentate ligands, tetradentate ligands, pentadentate ligands, hexadentate ligands, etc., respectively, and these are collectively referred to as multidentate ligands. [Nakahara Katsunori] Polydentate Ligand StructureMultidentate ligands are sometimes called chelating ligands. For example, in NH 2 CH 2 COO - , the N of the amino group and the O of the carboxyl group can simultaneously coordinate to one central atom, acting as a bidentate ligand as shown in There are many such bidentate ligands, such as the one shown in Other tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate ligands include those shown in[Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference] | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Bidentate Ligand (Figure A) ©Shogakukan "> Example of a bidentate ligand (Figure B) ©Shogakukan "> Other polydentate ligands (Fig. C) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
錯体の中で、中心原子に配位しているイオンまたは分子などを総称して配位子とよぶ。リガンドともいう。たとえば[Co(NH3)6]Cl3、K4[Fe(CN)6]、Cs2[CoCl4]、[Cu(NH2CH2COO)2]などにおけるNH3、CN-、Cl-、NH2CH2COO-などは、それぞれ中心原子のCo3+,Fe2+,Co2+,Cu2+などと結合しているイオンまたは分子で、配位子となっている。このように配位子は単原子イオンあるいは多原子団のいずれであってもよい。この場合NH3ではN、CN-ではC、Cl-ではCl、さらにはNH2CH2COO-ではNとOのように、中心原子に直接結合している配位子中の原子を配位原子coordinating atomという。これらのうち一つの配位子中に二つの配位原子のあるものを二座配位子、三つ、四つ、五つ、六つなどではそれぞれ三座配位子、四座配位子、五座配位子、六座配位子などといい、それらを多座配位子と総称している。 [中原勝儼] 多座配位子の構造多座配位子はキレート配位子ということもある。たとえばNH2CH2COO-は、アミノ基のNおよびカルボキシ基(カルボキシル基)のOが同時に一つの中心原子に配位することができ、 のように二座配位子として働いている。このような二座配位子は数多くあり、たとえば のようなものがある。そのほか三、四、五、六座などの配位子には のようなものがある。[中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 二座配位子〔図A〕 ©Shogakukan"> 二座配位子の例〔図B〕 ©Shogakukan"> その他の多座配位子〔図C〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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