Oriku

Japanese: 折句 - おりく

〘Noun〙① A type of technique in waka poetry. A five-character phrase, such as the name of an object, written in kana is inserted at the beginning of each line. It can also be called the same as the Kutsukaburi-oriku, which is inserted at the beginning and end of each line. Oriku-uta. ※Kokin Chomonshu (1254), Vol. 5 "The characters Hana-kauji and Shirama-yumi were placed at the beginning of a line in a poem and used to make an oriku poem."② A type of zappai. A word or character from a given topic is inserted into the poem, and usually one character from a three-character word is placed at the beginning of each line of a 5-7-5 poem. For example, in "Chirizuka" there is the line "Ahi omou kabaya ni akogi no ninja wife" which inserts Akashi. There are also various other ways, such as placing the same character at the beginning of each verse, as in "Amano Sakahoko" "Even though the rats are sleeping in their bedrooms, the cat is absent." * Ukizonoshu Kokin Banashi Collection (1678), preface: "Even though the bones of the story are broken, Narihira forgets the number of rice cakes he has eaten." ③ A type of miscellaneous haiku. The judge writes the first five characters and asks the judge to add the seven-five characters at the bottom. [Haikai and Hairon (1764)] [Glossary] (1) ① is an old example of an actual work in "The Tales of Ise - 9," in which Narihira places "kakitsubata" at the beginning of a verse and writes, "As long as I am wearing my traditional clothes, I will remember the long journey I have made . "
(2) Examples of "oriku" can be found in imperial anthologies such as "Senzai Wakashu - Zatsuge" and others, and they appear to have occupied a certain position. Later, they became more sophisticated and included the use of "kutsukan" oriku, in which a cross was placed above and below each verse.
(3) In Renga and Haikai, it was used as a form of hokku, and the form ② was particularly popular in Zappai.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 和歌の技法の一種。物の名など、仮名書きで五字の語句を、各句の頭に一字ずつよみ入れたもの。また、各句の首尾によみこむ沓冠折句(くつかぶりおりく)を含めて呼ぶこともある。おりくうた。※古今著聞集（1254）五「花かうじ・しらまゆみといへる文字ぐさりを、歌の句のかみにすゑて折句の歌によませられける」② 雑俳の一種。課題の語または字を句中によみ入れるもので、普通は五七五の各句頭に、三字からなる語の一字ずつを配置する。たとえば「塵塚」に明石(あかし)をよみこんだ「あひおもふ蚊屋に阿漕の忍妻」がみえる。その他、「天の逆鉾」の「寝所で鼠がちわも猫の留守」のように同一の字を各句頭に置くものなど、種々のやり方がある。※咄本・宇喜蔵主古今咄揃（1678）序「はなしに骨(ほね)を折句(オリク)さへ、業平餠の数をわすれ」③ 雑俳の一種。判者から上五文字を出して、下の七五を付けさせるもの。〔俳諧・俳論（1764）〕[語誌](1)①の実作としては、「伊勢物語‐九」で、業平が「かきつばた」を句の頭において「から衣きつつなれにしつましあればはるばるきぬるたびをしぞ思(おもふ)」と詠んだのが古い例。
(2)「折句」の歌例は「千載和歌集‐雑下」以下、勅撰集にも見え、相応の位置を占めていたらしい。その後、より技巧化して、十文字を各句の上下に据える沓冠折句も行なわれた。
(3)連歌・俳諧では、発句の一趣向として行なわれ、特に雑俳は②の形式で流行した。

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